Imagine a microscopic game of checkers—played not with pieces on a board, but with lasers precisely moving ions across a tiny grid. That’s the premise behind a new study by physicists from the University of Colorado Boulder and Quantinuum, published in Physical Review Letters, which explores the power of a novel quantum “game” on a real quantum computer.
The team tested their concept using the Quantinuum System Model H1, a quantum computer that manipulates ions to perform computations. Their experiment showcases a new way to explore the strengths of emerging quantum devices, particularly in achieving a phenomenon called quantum pseudotelepathy—where players seem to coordinate their moves without communication, thanks to quantum entanglement.
"Small-scale quantum devices are rapidly becoming available," said Rahul Nandkishore, co-author and associate professor of physics at CU Boulder. "That naturally raises the question: what can they already do well?"
The answer, as the study suggests, is potentially quite a lot.
Unlike classical computers that use bits set to zero or one, quantum computers operate on qubits—particles that can exist in states of zero, one, or both at once due to the bizarre principles of quantum mechanics. Qubits can be made from atoms or ions, but are notoriously delicate and hard to control.
To overcome this challenge, the researchers arranged qubits in what physicists call a “topological phase” of matter—essentially a structure resembling tightly knotted loops of entanglement. This configuration allows the qubits to interact in a coordinated way without being disrupted by small disturbances.
“It’s like we’ve created a global pattern of quantum entanglement across the system,” said Nandkishore. “If you poke one part of the system, it won’t unravel the entire structure.”
The idea of quantum games isn’t new—physicist David Mermin proposed such thought experiments in the 1990s. In these games, players try to fill out grids using only the numbers zero and one, following certain rules. Classically, the game can’t be won with certainty unless players communicate, which they’re not allowed to do. But quantum entanglement allows players to “coordinate” their answers in ways that seem like telepathy—hence the term quantum pseudotelepathy.
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To test this in practice, the team used the Quantinuum H1 device, which uses lasers to manipulate a set of ytterbium ions hovering above a chip. They arranged the ions into a two-dimensional grid and created a topologically ordered state—one in which entanglement extended across the whole system, not just in pairs.
They then played their quantum game, measuring qubits under different conditions to test whether the system maintained its entanglement. Remarkably, the team won the game over 95% of the time—even when they introduced additional disturbances or hypothetical players measuring extra qubits.
“We showed that this isn’t just a delicate trick,” said co-author David Stephen of Quantinuum. “It worked as theory predicted—and did so with impressive consistency.”
The implications go beyond this single game. According to Nandkishore, the experiment demonstrates that current quantum computers may already support scalable operations that outperform classical strategies, especially in scenarios where entanglement plays a key role.
“This is a proof of principle,” he said. “It shows that there are things quantum devices can already do—things that are robust, scalable, and beyond what classical systems can match.”
While the quantum game itself doesn’t solve any immediate real-world problem, it offers a powerful benchmark for what’s possible today—and a glimpse into the potential of future quantum computing breakthroughs.
Nebitno
